Chapter+9


 * //Chapter Nine

Group Question: Who is going to do the segway into this chapter? It can be read during the title page.//**

Georges Danton was one of the leading figures in the early stages of the French Revolution. He heavily influenced the Jacobins, the most radical revolutionaries. He was the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and in establishing the First French Republic. His first appearance in the revolution was as president of the Cordeliers club, a populist society. At the National Convention in 1792, he sat at "the mountain", where the most radical revolutionists sat. The mountain was a nickname for the way the radicals sat because it was in the shape of a mountain. He was one of the nine original members of the Committee of Public Safety. The nine soon expanded to twelve after. The revolutionary tribunal was an "extraordinary criminal tribunal" to put those against the revolution on trial. The idea was set up by Danton. The Thermidorian Reaction was set up by Robespierre and St. Just to counter the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre and St. Just were close allies and revolutionaries. Robespierre had Danton executed by the revolutionary tribunal on March 30, 1794. - JJ WARTSKI

The mountain was their nickname. he didn't sit on a mountain. I thought there were 12 on the committee of public safety. The committee of public safety ran the reign of terror. You are confused about who is doing what to who. What were Danton's supporters called? Why were they put on trial and executed? What was the revolutionary tribunal? Why was it ironic that it put Danton on trial? The Thermidorian reaction was what killed Robespierre???!!! Who was St. Just? Is he worth explaining?//**
 * //Questions to JJ:

Thermidor was originally one of the months of the Greek calendar. When the Jacobins took over, they broke away from the Catholic Church and changed the calendar based off Christ's birth to one that was not religious. Part of the Thermidorian Reaction was that when they broke away from the Pope, they lost a lot of their supporters that were Catholic. Because of the Jacobins' resentment of religon, their leader, Robespierre, installed a process of de-christainization. The people who broke away from the Republic were fearful that Robespierre was eventually going to take control of government. The reaction and the Reign of Terror ended with his execution.

- **//Brad Stinson//**

The reaction began with his execution. It was the month in which the moderates turned against the radicals. You are confused. Why did they turn against Robespierre and the Terror? Explain why!!! This was called the "white terror" by some historians. Who was now terrorizing who? What new government came to power when Robespierre fell? What happened to the Republic?//**
 * //Questions For Brad:

Maximilien Robespierre was born May 6, 1758 and a mere 30 years later was voted into the Estates General in 1789. At a young age his political career skyrocketed as he became very popular amongst his peers for his strong left-winged views. Robespierre took his place at the head of the Jacobin party, a position which led him to power and new found enemies like Georges Danton. Being at war with Austria and Prussia only heightened his status amongst the desperate French people. After the break out of August 10, 1792 there was enough chaos in the country to easily allow the Jacobins to take the lead of the National Convention, and decide that special temporary government powers were needed to in order to address the crisis the country. A short time after his entrance into the Estates General he also found himself as a member of the Committee of Public Safety. With tensions, along with violence on the rise, Robespierre found himself in a state of threatening rivalry with Danton. The country was in so much fear that the National Committee was able to convince it that the violence and killings were the only way to ensure a true revolution, and when Robespierre accused Danton and his followers of trying to oppress the violence and slow the revolution, Danton stood no chance. Robespierre had Danton arrested and sent to the guillotine where he died on April 5, 1794. During his reign as the unquestioned leader of France, Robespierre nominated the members of the government committees and most importantly assumed complete control of the revolutionary tribunal. During this period Robespierre was responsible for the obscene number of deaths by guillotine that occurred in the name of the revolution. His use of terror would soon back fire. The country had become so overwhelmed with fear that the idea of yet another all powerful leader scared them into killing the man who had already killed so many. Robespierre had taken too much control in a country that was looking to get rid of it. On July 27, 1794, Robespierre was arrested, during which time his jaw was broken by a gunshot. The next day Robespierre died in a very ironic way, the guillotine. ~Virginia Thomas

You use terms that are confusing and out of place. When did Danton become his enemy? They started out as allies. They set up the Reign of Terror and revolutionary tribunal together. The Estates General ceased to exist in 1789. Why are you mentioning it here? What was the National Convention? Why was the Committe of Public Safety created? What is the National Committee? This is confusing. Use the correct names. Country wanted to get rid of what?//**
 * //Questions for Virginia

On October 5, 1795 Napolean famously dispersed a Royalist mob on the streets of Paris with a "whiff of grapeshot". Grapeshot is a type of cannon fire but instead of lead balls it uses shards of glass or chains in order to tear the oppostion into pieces. This event tells you that Napolean was a man of action and would do whatever he thought was right without second guessing. Eventually this event would inovle his rise to power in the army and in politics.- Race Frederick

//**Questions For Race: This is all you have? What is the name for this event based on the revolutionary calendar? Who was revolting? Why? How did this event help improve his public image for later?**//

The French Directory succeeded the National Convention on November 2, 1795. Seven hundred fifty legislators under the French Constitution of 1795 divided themselves into the Council of Five Hundred and Council of Ancients. The Council of Ancients then elected 5 old members of the Convention as the Directors. These men were: Jean-François Rewbell, Paul François Jean Nicolas, __vicomte de Barras,__  Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, and Étienne-François Le Tourneur. Carnot and Le Tourneur favored a more temperate policy, where as Rewbell, Barras and La Révellière Lépeaux had a more Jacobin spirit. The Directory lasted until November 10, 1799. It was then succeeded by the French Consulate with Napoleon Bonaparte as the First Consul. -Nargis Azim


 * //Questions For Nargis

How did the Directory differ from the First Republic? How was it less democratic? Who was allowed to vote? How was similar to the government in the first phase of the revolution? How did this help lead to Napoleon's take over?

Question to The Group: // //How are you going to conclude this chapter? Can you get a video of a teacher summarizing the importance of these events? Come up with questions you could ask that when answered summed up the events that triggered the Thermidorian Reaction.//                  **