Chapter+6


 * //Question To The Group:

Who is going to write the transition for this chapter? It can occur during the title page. Is somebody going to explain who the emigres were? Is no one doing the invasion by Austria and Prussia? The Brunswick Manifesto? The decision to delare war on Austria and Prussia? The French did declare war.//**

The Coming of the Second Revolution > Flight to Varennes > > Louis XVI tried to flee France on June 20-21, 1791. The royal family tried to flee the country disguised as Russian servants to a fortress town of Montmedy which was a loyalist stronghold in France and where he planned to help his brother raise an army. A postmaster named Jean-Baptiste Drouet recorded the incident in which he stoped the royal family while they were trying to flee the country. He acounted the insident in which he was blocking the bridge in which he planed to stop the king. "We went to the bridge, the only place where he could get through and fortunately found there a van full of old furniture.We used it and other vehicles we found in the neighbourhood to block the bridge" Many people were already suspicious that the King was not actually a supporter of the revolution, and when he tried to flee the country, they became even more paranoid that the emigres, French nobles who had fled the country, had gone into the nieghboring countries to start a counter revolution. When he was trying to escape, he only made it to Varennes where he was stopped and sent back to Paris and issued under house arrest. This caused the country, which was already suffering from frustration of the famine and the national debt, to become more upset and violent. This feed the fire to the already burning opposition to the royal family of France. The King was later tried and killed for treason. The trial was illegal under the French constitution and under the French law the worst punishment a monarch could receive was dethronement. The national convention instead tried him as citizen Louis Capet, and he was sentenced to death. The French people, because of, this demanded more reform in government and which therefore kept the revolution going. **Stephen

//Question To Stephen: Who are "they"? You said louis XVI and then you said "they"? Who fled? Finally "shot"? Find another phrase. Where is Varennes? How was he caught? It's a good story. Look it up. France was no longer an absolute monarchy. This fed the fire for making France a republic and getting rid of the king. You are not doing his trial. You are doing his attempt to flee. Find more information.//

Civil constitution of the clergy:** A major mistake that the Moderates had made was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Some citizens liked this because they were no longer required them to give money to the Church. However, this was adamantly opposed by most of the devout Roman Catholics, who came from all social classes. The document allowed for the government’s control over the church and its property. What the government used this for was to pay off debt caused by war by selling the churches land. This seamed reasonable to some but to other conservative Catholics this was an outrage which caused uprisings and infuriated the people. Most of the people who disliked this new law were concentrated in the western part of France. Essentially dividing the people and creating a group of counter revolutionaries. This, as you can imagine, was not only a problem within the people but was a major issue within the church itself including clergy men who refused to take the oath of loyalty to the French constitution and continued to preach regardless essentially alienating the new doctrine. The civil constitution was a fatal mistake made by the revolutionary government and will be one of the causes of its downfall which will help lead to the radical phase of the revolution. The split France into two sides only worsened the situation. This weakend France, however the biggest mistake was the War With Austria and Prussia, driving the already terrible economy of France farther down. **Garrison Linn**

"One of the reforms that were desired"? This is awkward. What was the name given to the clergy who refused to take the oath? Look up refractory clergy. Mistake by the moderate government and was a major reason for its fall from power and the rise of the radical phase. What did ther Pope do about it? Do more research.//**
 * //Question For Garrison


 * War with Austria and Prussia** - Andrew

Another main reason that the second revolution occured was because France declared war on Austria and Prussia. They did this because of the fear that they would later be invaded. France first declared war on Austria. The French army invaded Austrian Netherlands (in present day Belgium). The revolution drastically disorganized the army, and they did not have sufficient numbers for an invasion causing utter defeat. The cause of war with Prussia was the Brunswick Manifesto. The manifesto stated “if acts of violence or acts to humiliate the French Royal family were committed, the Allies threatened not only that they would take vengeance on Paris, but also that many European nations promised to declare war on France.” Because the writing of this was helped but a lead émigrés, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, this convinced the people that the King was working with the Allied Alliance. This was because de Bourbon was the broter of King Louis XVI. This was created to intimidate, but it actually rallied the French revolutionaries. As the Prussians invaded France, the revolutionaries were prepared to fight, and in the Battle of Valmy the French triumphed. This victory caused the Prussians to withdraw from France.

Don't you mean why a second revolution occured?? Not why the war did not end??? The government lost the war? France was invaded. You jump from what caused the war, to the war, back to what caused the war. This is confusing. Clean it up!! What did leading generals do? How did this lead to the Second Revolution on August 10, 1792. SOME ONE NEEDS TO COVER THIS!!!!// The Second Revolution on August 10th 1792-Griffin** The second Revolution occurred on August 10, 1792. At this point people in France were so fed up with the moderate reforms that the Girondists, who were usually conservatives and supported a French monarch, were so frustrated that they agreed that the King needed to be overthrown. A large mob gathered together from all around France and went to the Palace at Tuileries. Their goal was to kill the King, however he was not there, having seen this coming. He had taken refuge in an office of the Legislative assembly. This was called the Day the Monarchy Fell. Once the King was no longer in power, the Assembly debated about what they should do with him. The elected members then returned to the place they were elected to see what the opinions were on the Kings execution. After they returned, they voted on what to do with the King. The vote was very close, but the final decision was to kill him. This proved that close to half of the country was not quite ready to resort to the radical tactics of the Jacobins. The Jacobins now suspected all members of the Assembly of being against the revolution. Many were put in jail, later to be executed by the means of the September Massacres.
 * //Andrew


 * September Massacres-Griffin**

The September Massacres were when the citizens of Paris went into the prisons and murdered the prisoners. They did this because they were being invaded by Austria and Prussia. They feared that the invading countries would capture the city and release the prisoners, who would then join their army. The citizens were not satisfied with the guillotine. They used mean and cruel ways of execution. There was an account of the murder of Princess Lamballe, which demonstrated the brutality of the execution of the prisoners. “She was stripped, raped, her breasts were cut off, and the rest of her body was mutilated. After she was dead one of the assassins ripped out her heart and ate it while another stuck her head on a pike and paraded it beneath the Queen's window.” The famine was a major factor in the September massacres because the Jacobins were able to take advantage of the rioting San Culottes. The San Culottes formed mobs and swept through the prisons and kill the prisoners. The famine also affected the French because as the famine continued, the French realized that the moderate reforms weren’t helping the economy. As the citizens became more and more desperate for a solution to their problems, they became willing to accept the radical left wing as their governmental leaders.

The citizens of Paris? Did this happen throughout France? When did this happen? Specific dates? Is no one doing the revolt on August 10, 1792 when the Paris Commune was created?//**
 * //Question To Griffin

//**Question to The Group: **// //**How are you going to conclude this chapter? Can you get a video of a teacher summarizing the main mistakes of the moderate phase of the revolution? Come up with questions you could ask that when answered summed up the main mistakes that helped cause the Second Revolution on August 10, 1792. **//

Louis XVI tried to flee France on June 20-21, 1791. The royal family tried to flee the country disguised as Russian servants to a fortress town of Montmedy which was a loyalist stronghold in France and where he planned to help his brother raise an army. Many people were already suspicious that the King was not actually a supporter of the revolution, and when he tried to flee the country, they became even more paranoid that the emigres, French nobles who had fled the country, had gone into the nieghboring countries to start a counter revolution. When he was trying to escape, he only made it to Varennes where he was stopped and sent back to Paris and issued under house arrest. This caused the country, which was already suffering from frustration of the famine and the national debt, to become more upset and violent. This feed the fire to the already burning opposition to the absolute monarchy government of France. The King was later tried and killed for treason. The trial was illegal under the French constitution and under the French law the worst punishment a monarch could receive was dethronement. The national convention instead tried him as citizen Louis Capet, and he was sentenced to death. The French people, because of, this demanded more reform in government and which therefore kept the revolution going. A major mistake that the Moderates had made was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Some citizens liked this because they were no longer required them to give money to the Church. However, this was adamantly opposed by most of the devout Roman Catholics, who came from all social classes. The document allowed for the government’s control over the church and its property. What the government used this for was to pay off debt caused by war by selling the churches land. This seamed reasonable to some but to other conservative Catholics this was an outrage which caused uprisings and infuriated the people. Most of the people who disliked this new law were concentrated in the western part of France. Essentially dividing the people and creating a group of counter revolutionaries. This, as you can imagine, was not only a problem within the people but was a major issue within the church itself including clergy men who refused to take the oath of loyalty to the French constitution and continued to preach regardless essentially alienating the new doctrine. The civil constitution was a fatal mistake made by the revolutionary government and will be one of the causes of its downfall which will help lead to the radical phase of the revolution. The split France into two sides only worsened the situation. This weakend France, however the biggest mistake was the War With Austria and Prussia, driving the already terrible economy of France farther down Another main reason that the war did not end was because France declared war on Austria and Prussia. They did this because of the fear that they would later be invaded. France first declared war on Austria. The French army invaded Austrian Netherlands (in present day Belgium). The revolution drastically disorganized the army, and they did not have sufficient numbers for an invasion. Another event that led to war was the Brunswick Manifesto. The manifesto stated “if acts of violence or acts to humiliate the French Royal family were committed, the Allies threatened not only that they would take vengeance on Paris, but also that many European nations promised to declare war on France.” Because the writing of this was helped but a lead émigrés, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, this convinced the people that the King was working with the Allied Alliance. This was created to intimidate, but it actually rallied the French revolutionaries. As the Prussians invaded France, the revolutionaries were prepared to fight, and in the Battle of Valmy the French triumphed. This victory caused the Prussians to withdraw from France. The second Revolution occurred on August 10, 1792. At this point people in France were so fed up with the moderate reforms that the Girondists, who were usually conservatives and supported a French monarch, were so frustrated that they agreed that the King needed to be overthrown. A large mob gathered together from all around France and went to the Palace at Tuileries. Their goal was to kill the King, however he was not there, having seen this coming. He had taken refuge in an office of the Legislative assembly. This was called the Day the Monarchy Fell. Once the King was no longer in power, the Assembly debated about what they should do with him. The elected members then returned to the place they were elected to see what the opinions were on the Kings execution. After they returned, they voted on what to do with the King. The vote was very close, but the final decision was to kill him. This proved that close to half of the country was not quite ready to resort to the radical tactics of the Jacobins. The Jacobins now suspected all members of the Assembly of being against the revolution. Many were put in jail, later to be executed by the means of the September Massacres. The September Massacres were when the citizens of Paris went into the prisons and murdered the prisoners. They did this because they were being invaded by Austria and Prussia. They feared that the invading countries would capture the city and release the prisoners, who would then join their army. The citizens were not satisfied with the guillotine. They used mean and cruel ways of execution. There was an account of the murder of Princess Lamballe, which demonstrated the brutality of the execution of the prisoners. “She was stripped, raped, her breasts were cut off, and the rest of her body was mutilated. After she was dead one of the assassins ripped out her heart and ate it while another stuck her head on a pike and paraded it beneath the Queen's window.” The famine was a major factor in the September massacres because the Jacobins were able to take advantage of the rioting San Culottes. The San Culottes formed mobs and swept through the prisons and kill the prisoners. The famine also affected the French because as the famine continued, the French realized that the moderate reforms weren’t helping the economy. As the citizens became more and more desperate for a solution to their problems, they became willing to accept the radical left wing as their governmental leaders.